Many Older Adults With Dementia May Be Taking Higher-Risk Meds
A new JAMA study highlighted by NIH suggests many older adults with dementia are prescribed at least one brain- or nervous-system-active medication that may raise the chance of confusion, falls, or other problems. The finding does not mean these drugs should never be used, but it does show why medication review matters for families and caregivers.
Many older adults with dementia are taking at least one medication that can affect the brain and nervous system, according to a study highlighted by the NIH. In the study, 25% of people with dementia received one of these higher-risk medicines, compared with 17% of people without dementia.
The result does not prove those medicines caused harm, and it does not mean they should never be used. But it does underscore a practical point for families: when someone has dementia, medication side effects can be harder to notice and may more easily affect safety, thinking, and balance.
What the study found
The NIH’s consumer summary says the research looked at prescribing patterns in older adults and identified medicines that act on the brain and nervous system, including some used for depression, anxiety, panic attacks, sleep problems, or sedation. The key finding was the difference in use between people with dementia and those without it.
Because this was a study of prescribing patterns, it can show association, not proof that the medicines directly caused a problem. It also cannot tell us whether every prescription in the study was inappropriate for a specific patient. In some cases, these medicines may still be needed for a clear medical reason.
Why this matters for dementia care
Dementia affects memory, thinking, language, and the ability to handle everyday tasks. MedlinePlus notes that some medicines can cause strong side effects in people with dementia, and that balance problems can also be part of certain types of dementia.
That matters because side effects such as sleepiness, confusion, dizziness, or slower reactions can be harder for caregivers and clinicians to separate from the underlying condition. The CDC also warns that medicines can raise the risk of falls in older adults, which can lead to serious injury.
What families and caregivers can do
A good next step is a medication review with a clinician or pharmacist. Bring a complete list of prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and supplements. Ask whether each medicine still has a clear benefit, whether the dose is still appropriate, and whether any safer alternatives exist.
This kind of conversation is especially important if the person has recent confusion, more sleepiness, unsteadiness, a new fall, or trouble doing daily activities. Do not stop a medicine on your own unless a clinician tells you to do so.
When to seek help
Call a clinician promptly if symptoms seem worse after a medication change or if there is new dizziness, marked confusion, or a change in walking. Seek urgent medical care after a fall, especially if there is a head injury, loss of consciousness, severe pain, or a sudden change in alertness.
For families living with dementia, the main takeaway is simple: medications can help, but they deserve regular review. A careful benefit-versus-risk conversation can support safer care.
Sources
Editorial note: Weence articles are researched from cited public-health, medical, regulatory, journal, and reputable news sources and may be drafted with AI assistance. They are checked for source support, clarity, and safety guardrails before publication.
This article is for general informational purposes only and is not medical advice. Research findings can be early or incomplete, and health guidance can change. Always talk with a qualified healthcare professional about personal symptoms, diagnosis, medications, vaccines, screenings, or treatment decisions. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call emergency services right away.
