Immunoglobulin

ByWeence

Immunoglobulin: A type of protein produced by the immune system in response to a specific antigen, such as a virus or bacteria.

Citations
Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are specialized proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses. Each immunoglobulin is tailored to recognize a specific antigen, which is a molecule capable of inducing an immune response. By binding to antigens, immunoglobulins help to prevent the spread of pathogens and facilitate their removal from the body. These proteins play a crucial role in the immune response, providing both immediate defense against infections and long-term immunity through memory cells.

Types of Immunoglobulins

There are five primary classes of immunoglobulins, each with distinct roles in the immune response:

  • IgG: The most abundant type in the blood, providing long-term protection and capable of crossing the placenta to provide immunity to the fetus.
  • IgA: Found in mucous membranes, saliva, and tears, and is essential for mucosal immunity.
  • IgM: The first antibody to be produced in response to an infection, indicating recent exposure.
  • IgE: Associated with allergic reactions and responses to parasitic infections.
  • IgD: The least understood, primarily found on the surface of B cells and involved in initiating immune responses.

FAQs

How are immunoglobulins measured?
Immunoglobulins can be measured through blood tests to assess immune function or diagnose conditions such as immunodeficiencies and autoimmune diseases.
Can immunoglobulin levels be altered?
Yes, levels can be influenced by infections, chronic diseases, and certain medications. Treatments such as immunoglobulin therapy can also adjust these levels.
What is immunoglobulin therapy?
This therapy involves the administration of immunoglobulins to boost the immune system, often used in individuals with immunodeficiency disorders.

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